Respostas fisiológicas e de desempenho de leitões suplementados com B-glucanos e desafiados imunologicamente / Phisiologial responses and growth performance of immune challenged piglets supplemented with B-glucans

O estudo buscou avaliar as respostas fisiológicas e de desempenho à adição de diferentes níveis de β-glucanos na dieta de leitões recém-desmamados. Foram utilizados 30 machos de linhagem comercial, com 34 dias de idade e peso de 10,9±0,63kg, alojados em gaiolas individuais, durante 14 dias. Os tratamentos variaram somente nos níveis de β-glucanos que foram de 35, 70, 140 e 280g/T. No final desse período, em metade dos animais foram injetados 2,7mg de lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) em 1mL de solução (PBS)/leitão, e nos demais 1mL/leitão de PBS. Foram avaliadas temperatura retal (TR), frequência respiratória (FR), perfil bioquímico sanguíneo e sinais clínicos aos 30, 90, 120 e 390 minutos seguintes à injeção. As respostas de desempenho não foram afetadas pelos níveis de β-glucanos. Foi observado o aumento de TR, tanto em função do LPS como em função da hora em que a temperatura foi medida. No entanto, os animais LPS-injetados, que receberam 280g/T de β-glucanos, tiveram a mesma TR daqueles LPS-não injetados. Os sinais clínicos foram compatíveis com um quadro de inflamação aguda e foram observados, nos animais LPS-injetados, vômito, prostração e diarreia, sendo que a inclusão de β-glucanos não conseguiu reverter esses sintomas. O uso de β-glucanos por 14 dias na dieta de leitões recém-desmamados mostrou um efeito anti-inflamatório em situação de desafio agudo. Para reverter o desafio imunológico utilizado, o nível de 280g/T de β-glucanos mostrou-se o mais recomendado.

This study was done to evaluate immunological responses and performance of weaning piglets receiving diets with different levels of β-glucans. Thirty males from a commercial line with 34 days of age and 10.9±0,6kg initial weight were housed in individual metabolic cages during 14 days. The treatments only differed in β-glucans levels: 35; 70; 140 and 280g/T. On the 14th day, half of the pigs were inoculated with 2.7mg LPS (lipopolysaccharide)/mL of solution (PBS)/pig and the other half received 1mL PBS/pig. Rectal temperature (RT), respiratory frequency (RF), biochemical profile and animal behavior (120 and 390 minutes after LPS inoculation) were evaluated. As the experiment was conducted, performance was not affected by β-glucans. An RT increase was observed due to LPS and time of temperature measurement. LPS-injected animals receiving 280g/T of β-glucans had the same RT as the LPS- non injected group. Clinical signs were near the expectation for acute inflammation. LPS-injected presented prostration, diarrhea and vomit and the β-glucans did not reverse this situation. The use of β-glucans in weaning pigs for fourteen days showed an anti-inflammatory action. To revert the immunologic challenge, the level of 280g/T of β-glucans was the most recommended.

Respostas fisiológicas e de desempenho de leitões suplementados com B-glucanos e desafiados imunologicamente / Phisiologial responses and growth performance of immune challenged piglets supplemented with B-glucans

O estudo buscou avaliar as respostas fisiológicas e de desempenho à adição de diferentes níveis de β-glucanos na dieta de leitões recém-desmamados. Foram utilizados 30 machos de linhagem comercial, com 34 dias de idade e peso de 10,9±0,63kg, alojados em gaiolas individuais, durante 14 dias. Os tratamentos variaram somente nos níveis de β-glucanos que foram de 35, 70, 140 e 280g/T. No final desse período, em metade dos animais foram injetados 2,7mg de lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) em 1mL de solução (PBS)/leitão, e nos demais 1mL/leitão de PBS. Foram avaliadas temperatura retal (TR), frequência respiratória (FR), perfil bioquímico sanguíneo e sinais clínicos aos 30, 90, 120 e 390 minutos seguintes à injeção. As respostas de desempenho não foram afetadas pelos níveis de β-glucanos. Foi observado o aumento de TR, tanto em função do LPS como em função da hora em que a temperatura foi medida. No entanto, os animais LPS-injetados, que receberam 280g/T de β-glucanos, tiveram a mesma TR daqueles LPS-não injetados. Os sinais clínicos foram compatíveis com um quadro de inflamação aguda e foram observados, nos animais LPS-injetados, vômito, prostração e diarreia, sendo que a inclusão de β-glucanos não conseguiu reverter esses sintomas. O uso de β-glucanos por 14 dias na dieta de leitões recém-desmamados mostrou um efeito anti-inflamatório em situação de desafio agudo. Para reverter o desafio imunológico utilizado, o nível de 280g/T de β-glucanos mostrou-se o mais recomendado.

This study was done to evaluate immunological responses and performance of weaning piglets receiving diets with different levels of β-glucans. Thirty males from a commercial line with 34 days of age and 10.9±0,6kg initial weight were housed in individual metabolic cages during 14 days. The treatments only differed in β-glucans levels: 35; 70; 140 and 280g/T. On the 14th day, half of the pigs were inoculated with 2.7mg LPS (lipopolysaccharide)/mL of solution (PBS)/pig and the other half received 1mL PBS/pig. Rectal temperature (RT), respiratory frequency (RF), biochemical profile and animal behavior (120 and 390 minutes after LPS inoculation) were evaluated. As the experiment was conducted, performance was not affected by β-glucans. An RT increase was observed due to LPS and time of temperature measurement. LPS-injected animals receiving 280g/T of β-glucans had the same RT as the LPS- non injected group. Clinical signs were near the expectation for acute inflammation. LPS-injected presented prostration, diarrhea and vomit and the β-glucans did not reverse this situation. The use of β-glucans in weaning pigs for fourteen days showed an anti-inflammatory action. To revert the immunologic challenge, the level of 280g/T of β-glucans was the most recommended.

Pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Brucella abortus e anti-Brucella ovis em ovinos no município de Uberlândia, MG / Research of Brucella abortus and Brucella ovis antibodies in sheep of Uberlândia county, MG, Brazil

The first epidemiologic inquiry to Brucella abortus (B. abortus) and Brucella ovis (B. ovis) was carried out in sheep from Uberlândia county, MG. A total of 334 blood serum samples of sheep from both sexes and different ages and breeds were collected in 12 farms. An epidemiologic questionnaire was applied for each farm. Tests for B. abortus and B. ovis antibodies were Buffered Acidified Antigen and Complement Fixation, respectively. None of the sheep was reactive to B. abortus and B. ovis; however, the adoption of sanitary measures is important to avoid the introduction of infections caused by these bacteria.

Species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of enterococci isolated from broilers infected experimentally with Eimeria spp and fed with diets containing different supplements

Resistant bacteria in animal can be spread to environment and to humans. Poultry feed and infections caused by Eimeria spp. are important factors in determining the intestinal microbial communities. The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of species and antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterococcus isolated from broilers fed with different supplements and infected experimentally with Eimeria spp. Broilers were divided in eight groups, fed with diets supplemented with a combination of antimicrobial, ionophore-coccidiostatics, probiotic, essential oil. At 14 days old all birds, except the control, received a solution containing oocysts of Eimeria spp. Samples of cloacal swabs from broilers were collected. A total of 240 Enterococcus sp. strains were isolated, confirmed genus by PCR, classified as species, tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and screened by PCR for the presence of tet(L), tet(M) and erm(B) genes. The overall distribution of species isolated from fecal samples was E. faecalis (40 percent), followed by E. casseliflavus/E. gallinarum (10.8 percent), E. mundtii (10.8 percent), E. faecium (10.8 percent), E. columbae (5.8 percent) and E. gallinarum (4.2 percent). Changes in the composition or frequency of Enterococcus species were observed in all dietary supplementation. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed resistance phenotypes a range of antibiotics, especially used in humans such as, streptomycin, penicillin, rifampicin and vancomycin. There was no correlation between different supplementation for broilers and antimicrobial resistance and the presence of tet(M), tet(L) and erm(B) genes. Dietary supplementation had effect on the Enterococcus sp. colonization, but did not have significant effect on the phenotype and genotype of antimicrobial resistance in enterococci.

Aspectos epidemiológicos da tuberculose caprina na mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba, MG / Epidemiological aspects of caprine tuberculosis in the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba mesoregion, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Dados referentes à tuberculose caprina no Brasil e sua importância em saúde pública são escassos. Diante disso, este trabalho teve por objetivos investigar a ocorrência e pesquisar aspectos epidemiológicos da tuberculose em rebanhos leiteiros caprinos na mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba, MG. Foram tuberculinizados 233 caprinos provenientes de sete propriedades leiteiras, utilizando-se o teste cervical comparativo, tomando-se como referência os procedimentos e critérios de interpretação de resultados padronizados para esta espécie. Dos animais submetidos ao teste, 1,29% (3/233) reagiram positivamente, 2,14% (5/233) apresentaram reações inconclusivas e 96,57% (225/233) não reagiram. Todos os caprinos positivos e um com resposta inconclusiva foram submetidos à necropsia. Amostras de linfonodos, fígado, pulmão e rim que apresentaram alterações foram colhidos para exame histopatológico (Hematoxilina-Eosina). Material proveniente de abscessos e fragmentos de linfonodos foi submetido à cultura em meio Stonebrink e Petragnani. Um inquérito epidemiológico foi procedido para análise dos fatores relacionados à ocorrência de tuberculose nas propriedades. Não foram encontradas lesões macroscópicas sugestivas de tuberculose nos animais necropsiados, nem alterações histopatológicas. Também não houve crescimento de micobactérias na cultura. A taxa de prevalência dos caprinos foi de 1,29%. Por se tratar de rebanhos leiteiros, a ocorrência de tuberculose pode representar risco zoonótico na mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba, MG. A interpretação dos registros epidemiológicos, associada aos resultados da tuberculinização,constatou reagentes positivos somente na propriedade onde se utilizou leite bovino in natura para alimentar cabritos recém-nascidos.

Data on caprine tuberculosis in Brazil and its importance for public health are scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence and examine epidemiological aspects of tuberculosis in dairy goat herds in the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba mesoregion in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Two hundred and thirty-three goats from seven dairy farms were tuberculinized using the comparative cervical tuberculin test (CCT), taking as a reference the procedures and interpretation criteria of standard results for this species. Of the animals subjected to the test, 1.29% (3/233) reacted positively, 2.14% (5/233) showed inconclusive reactions, and 96.57% (225/233) showed no reaction. All the goats that tested positive and one showing an inconclusive response were necropsied. Samples of lymph nodes, liver, lung and kidney presenting alterations were collected for histopathological examination (hematoxylin-eosin). Material removed from abscesses and lymph-node fragments were cultured in Stonebrink and Petragnani culture medium. An epidemiological inquiry was carried out to analyze risk factors on the farms. The necropsied animals did not exhibit macroscopic lesions suggestive of tuberculosis or any histopathological alterations, nor did the cultures show Mycobacterium sp. growth. The goats' prevalence rate was 1.29%, which may represent a zoonotic risk in this mesoregion since these are dairy herds. The interpretation of the epidemiologic records, allied to the results of the tuberculinization procedure, indicated positive reagents only on a farm where fresh cow milk was fed to newborn goat kids.

Prevalência de anticorpos contra os agentes da maedi-visna e clamidofilose em ovinos no município de Uberlândia, MG / Prevalence of antibodies against the agents of maedi-visna and chlamydophilosis in sheep from Uberlândia county, MG, Brazil

Objetivou-se com este estudo realizar o primeiro inquérito soro-epidemiológico para o vírus da maedi-visna e Chlamydophila spp. em 12 rebanhos de ovinos do Município de Uberlândia, MG. Foram utilizadas 334 amostras de soro sanguíneo de ovinos e aplicou-se um inquérito epidemiológico a cada propriedade. Os testes realizados para a pesquisa de anticorpos contra o vírus da maedi-visna e Chlamydophila spp. foram imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) e reação de fixação do complemento (RFC), respectivamente. Não foram detectados ovinos reagentes para maedi-visna. Verificou-se uma prevalência de 3,3% para Chlamydophila spp., com títulos variando de 32 a 64. Não houve diferença estatística significativa (p > 0,05) para os fatores de risco analisados. Ressalta-se a importância dos sistemas de vigilância epidemiológica para atuar no controle dessas infecções, evitando a introdução do vírus da maedi-visna e uma maior propagação da Chlamydophila spp. neste município.

The aim of this study was to carry out the first investigation into the serological prevalence of maedi-visna virus and Chlamydophila spp. on 12 sheep breeding farms in Uberlândia County, MG, Brazil. A total of 334 blood serum samples were used and an epidemiological survey was completed by each farm. The tests to detect maedi-visna and Chlamydophila spp. antibodies were an agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and a complement fixation test (CFT), respectively. None of the sheep were reactive to maedi-visna. The detection of antibodies against Chlamydophila spp. was 3.3%, with titers varying from 32 to 64. There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in regard to the risk factors analyzed. The importance of epidemiological surveillance systems to aid in the control of these infections is emphasized, in order to avoid the introduction of maedi-visna virus and a wider spread of Chlamydophila spp. in this county.

Efeitos do fortalecimento muscular e sua relação com a atividade funcional e a espasticidade em indivíduos hemipareticos / Effects of muscle strengthening and task related functional activities and spasticity in hemiparetic subjects

Avaliar o impacto de um programa de funcionamento muscular na atividade funcional e na espasticidade em individuos hemipareticos. Dea sujeitos hemipareticos foram submetidos a um protocolo de fortalecimento muscular global, associado a treino de tarefas especificas em nivel ambulatorial durante 6 semanas. Avaliaram-se espasticidade (escala de Ashworth), forca muscular (teste muscular manual), atividade funcional (Motor Assessment Scale - MAS) e teste de velocidade da marcha de 10m. Todos os individuos apresentaram melhora significativa da atividade funcional, demonstrada pela escala de avaliacao motora (MAS), da velocidade da marcha de 10m e tambem da forca muscular. Nao se observou aumento do tonus muscular em nenhum dos individuos (p<0,05). O programa de fortalecimento muscular e treino de tarefas especificas promoveu melhora na producao de forca e na atividade funcional, sem que houvesse aumento da espasticidade. Sugere-se a implementacao deste programa para a melhora da atividade funcional do individuo hemiparetico

Effects of caffeine and tryptophan on rectal temperature, metabolism, total exercise time, rate of perceived exertion and heart rate

Stimulant properties during exercise have been attributed to cafeine (CAF) and tryptophan (Trp). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of CAF and Trp ingestion on rectal temperature (Tre), total exercise time (TET), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2) pulmunary ventilation (VE), heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) during exercise on a cycle ergometer at 80 percent of maximal work load, in eight halthy male volunteers. Each subject abstained from caffeine for 48 h and from animal-derived foods for 36 h before each experiment. Aerobic capacity was determined on the first day. In consecutive trials, conducted in a double-blind, randomized, crossed-over manner, each subject recived capsules containing CAF (10mg/Kg), Trp (1.2g), a combination of the two (CAF + TRP), and lactose (PLA), 1 h before exercise. Plasma CAF concentration (PC) was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), before (basal concentration) and 1 and 2 h after ingestion of the capsules. At both times after CAF or CAF + Trp ingestion, the PC was elevated compared with the basal concentration (P < 0.05). During exercise, significant increases occured with time in Tre, TET, VO2, VCO2, VE, HR and RPE (P < 0.01) while no significant difference was observed when CAF or CAF+ Trp were compared with control values. Under the conditions of this study, CAF and/or Trp did not affect the physiological parameters measured before, during or after exercise at 80 percent of maximal work load

Usage of colostomy plug system: preliminary results

O sistema de oclusao intermitente de colostomia ("Conseal") e um dos metodos atuais usados na reabilitacao de colostomizados a caminho da continencia fecal. O objetivo deste estudo e apresentar resultados preliminares referentes ao uso desse sistema no Brasil. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: I-oito pacientes que nao utilizaram irrigacao colostomica;II-sete pacientes que a utilizaram. Todos os pacientes tinham caracteristicas homogeneas e todos eram capazes de se cuidar, a ponto de nao terem problemas com o estoma e a pele. Foram treinados por 3 (grupo I) ou 4 semanas (grupo II)...

Censo Epidemiológico de lesôes e afeccôes cutâneas em escolares de Ribeirâo Prêto, S. P., Brasil / Epidemiologieal census of cutaneous lesions in schoolchildren of R. Preto, S.P., Brazil

Um total de 5150 escolares de 6 a 16 anos foram examinados em uma cidade subtropical. Excluídas cicatrizes e lesôes traumáticas a prevalência de dermatoses foi de 72%. As mais comun (>2%) foram nevos pigmentados (72%),cicatrizes e lesôes residuais (36%), efélides (19,6%), pediculose (19,6%), dermatite seborréica (19,5%), dermatoviroses (18,6%), acne (15,7%), lesôes traumáticas (9,5%), pitiríase capitis (5%), piodermites (4,3%), dermatite eozematosa (2,6%), estrófulo + picada de inseto (3,1%), ceratose palmar el ou plantar (2,1%) e disidrose (2%). Muitos doentes apresentaron dois ou mais tipos de lesoes ou affeccôes cutâneas. A prevalencia de vibix, estomatite angular, dermatoses actínicas, ictiose, pele xerótica, intertrigo, milia, livedo reticular, hipertricosee escabiose foi menor porén relativamente elevada (de 1,61 a 0,66%). A prevalencia foi discretamente maior em escolares de sexo masculino que no feminino e as diferencas estatisticamente significantes (p<0,001). A diferenca de prevalência entre os grupos etarios nâo foi significante para masculinos e femininos. As meninas aprentaron taxa mais elevada de pediculose, enquanto em meninos prevaleceram pitiríase alba (dartro volante), pitiríase versicolor e piodermites. As condicôes sócioeconômicas parecen ter tido influencia nas taxas de prevalênia de pediculose, pitiríase alba e "tinea pedis", mas nâo nas de dermatoviroses, pitiríase versicolor e piodermite. Os resultados e comentários sâo válidos para uma àrea subtropical semelhante à de Ribeirâo Prêto, com as mesmas características ecológicas, socio-econômicas e de populacâo. Quando se planeja um programa de saúde pública em escolas é importante realizar antes um censo epidemiológico ou estudo piloto, a fim de obter as relevantes informacôes bàsicas.

Effect of tityustoxin and quabain on protein phosphorylation in a crude synaptosome fraction

1. The effect of titiyustoxin (TsTX) and ouabain on the incorporation of 32P into a protein of the same apparent molecular weight as synapsin I it described. 2. Tityustoxin-stimulated protein phosphorylation in a crude synaptosome fraction increased up to a concentration of 3.0 micron time of 15 s. 3. Trifluoperazizne (100 micronM) inhibited, while trifluoperazine sulphoxide (100 micronM) did not alter the effect on the protein phosphorylation induced by tityustoxin. 4. Unlike tityutixin, ouabain (100 micronM) hada no effect on protein phosphorylation even after incubation up to 20 min. 5. Ouabain at at 10 micronM, a concentration having no effect on rates of respiration and ATP hydrolysis in brain cortical slices, also had no effect on protein phosphorylation

A simple simulated public speaking test for evaluating anxiolytic drugs

We evaluated the feasibility of using a simulated public (SPS) test to assess the activity of anxiolytic drugs. SPS was achieved by requesting subjects to present a speech to an audiocassette recorder. Thirty volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three groups treated with 10 mg diazepam, 10 mg buspirone or placebo, under double-blind conditions. One h after drug adminsitration, subjective states were measured by the Visual Analogue Mood Scale (VAMS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and by a Bodily Symptoms Scale (BSS). Heart rate and blood pressure were also recorded. SPS induced both physiological and subjective changes characteristic of anxiety. Moreover, diazepam attenuated experimentally induced increases in excitement (as measured by VAMS) and agitation (as measured by BSS). Therefore, SPS using an audiocassette recorder is sensitive to a prototypical anxiolytic and may thus be a useful test for evaluating putative anxiolytics. No effect was observed with the new anxiolytic drug buspirone. However, the present negative result may be explained by clinical data indicating that patients may experience a longer lag period before the onset of the anxiolytic effect of buspirone

Ectima: estudo clínico-epidemiológico e laboratorial em 2377 crianças / Ecthyma: clinico-epidemiological and laboratory study in 2377 children

Estudo clínico-epidemiológico e bacteriológico de ectima, em 2.377 crianças, revelou prevalência de 12%, com predomínio no sexo masculino em relaçäo ao feminino e nos melânicos, comparados aos leucodérmicos. Sugere influência de pequenos traumatismos cutâneos e de condiçöes socioeconômicas precárias como fatores predisponentes, e a ocorrência de tipos etiológicos específicos de estafilococos e estreptococos. É valorizada a importância do tratamento precoce